Breda Formation

Code
NUBR
Status
Formal (Doppert et al. 1975). Amended (NAM & RGD 1980; Van Adrichem Boogaert & Kouwe 1997; Westerhoff 2003).
Lithological description

Greyish to blackish green very fine to medium sand, silty, (very) glauconitic, calcareous, and locally micaceous or organic. Clay, very sandy to moderately silty. Intercalated sand and clay with goethite and phosphorite concretions. Dominance of foresets and bottom sets.

Depositional setting

Warm shallow marine, delta front, coastal (slightly glauconitic sand or bleached quartz sand) and continental (sand with intercalated lignite) near the unit’s margins.

Definition of lower boundary

Base may consist of clay with glauconite enrichment. Gradual, unconformable transition into less glauconitic shallow-marine and coastal sand and clay (Veldhoven Formation). Sharp, unconformable contact with marine clay (Boom Member, Rupel Formation or even older units).

Definition of upper boundary

Generally gradual transition into less glauconitic, commonly shell-rich near-coastal marine sand and clay (Oosterhout Formation); sharp in case of shelly crags. In the southeastern Netherlands, sharp and erosive contacts with partly intercalated coarser terrestrial sand deposited near the coastline (Ville, Inden and Kieseloolite formations and German Köln Formation).

Thickness indication
Locally more than 700 m.
Geographical distribution
In the northeastern Netherlands, the upper part of the unit grades laterally into nearshore to terrestrial sand and clay (Peize and Waalre formations). In the southeastern Netherlands, it grades laterally into the paralic Ville, Inden, Kieseloolite and Köln formations.
Regional correlation
North Sea: Brielle Ground Formation (Laban 1995; defined and mapped in conjunction with the British and Belgian Geological Surveys); UK: not present; GER: upper part of paralic Inden, Ville and Köln Formation and the Kieseloolite Formation ; BEL: Diest, Berchem and Bolderberg Formations (Wouters & Vandenberghe 1994).
Age
late Oligocene - early Pliocene.
Holostratotype
Depth (thickness) AH:
174 - 234 m (59 m) below land surface
Comments:
Now replaced by lectostratotype Groote Heide which better reflects the characteristics of the formation.
Parastratotype
Well:
B49E0065 (Wouw)
Depth (thickness) AH:
96 - 189 m (93 m) below land surface
Comments:
Now replaced by lectostratotype Groote Heide which better reflects the characteristics of the formation.
Lectostratotype
Depth (thickness) AH:
99.75 - 496.70 m (396.95 m) below land surface
Parastratotype
Depth (thickness) AH:
281 - 318 m (37 m) below land surface
Origin of name
Named after the city of Breda, southeast of Rotterdam in the southern Netherlands.
Previous name(s)
Includes very glauconitic deposits formerly part of the Oosterhout Formation (Doppert et al. 1975), the clastic part of the former Heksenberg Formation (cf. Kuyl 1975), the lower part of the former Scheemda Formation in the northeastern Netherlands (cf. Doppert et al. 1975), and the Haps, Oploo and Overloon Sands.
Reviewed by (date)
Dirk Munsterman (2018), Sytze van Heteren (2019).
References
Doppert, J.W.Chr., Ruegg, G.H.J., Van Staalduinen, C.J., Zagwijn, W.H., Zandstra, J.G. 1975. Formaties van het Kwartair en Boven-Tertiair in Nederland. In: Zagwijn, W.H., Van Staalduinen, C.J. (eds.): Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, 11-56.
Kuyl, O.S. 1975. Lithostratigrafie van de Mio-Oligocene afzettingen in Zuid-Limburg. In: Zagwijn, W.H., Van Staalduinen, C.J. (eds.), Toelichting bij geologische overzichtskaarten van Nederland. Rijks Geologische Dienst, Haarlem, 56-63.
Laban, C. 1995. The Pleistocene glaciations in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. A synthesis of sedimentary and seismic data. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam, 194 p.
NAM & RGD 1980. Stratigraphic nomenclature of The Netherlands. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap 32, 77 p.
Van Adrichem Boogaert, H.A. & Kouwe, W.F.P. 1997. Stratigraphic nomenclature of The Netherlands, revision and update by RGD and NOGEPA, Section I, Tertiary. Mededelingen Rijks Geologische Dienst, 50, 1-39.
Van den Bosch, M., Cadée, M.C., Janssen, A.W. 1975. Lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical subdivision of Tertiary deposits (Oligocene - Pliocene) in the Winterswijk - Almelo region (eastern part of the Netherlands). Scripta Geologica, 29, 1-167.
Westerhoff, W.E. 2003. Beschrijving lithostratigrafische eenheid. Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO. Utrecht.
Wouters, L., Vandenberghe, N. 1994. De Geologie van de Kempen: een synthese. NIRAS, NIROND 94-11, 208 p.
Cite as
TNO-GDN ([YEAR]). Breda Formation. In: Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Netherlands, TNO – Geological Survey of the Netherlands. Accessed on [DATE] from https://www.dinoloket.nl/en/stratigraphic-nomenclature/breda-formation.